Abstract: Objective:To investigate the residents evaluation on new medical reform policy performance for providing the evidence in adjusting the public health and improving the health policy measure of decision-making department.Methods:Three thousand five hundred and eleven urban and rural residents from 18 provinces and cities mainly in Anhui province were investigated using the self-designed "the Questionare on New Medical Reform Policy Performance from Urban and Rural Resident's Evalution" by a convenience sampling method.Results:Nine hundred and twenty-one people in 3501 people(26.3%) believed that the current medical and health policy were fair;1155 people in 3497 people(33.0%) thought that the medicine and health policy were generally efficient.Eight hundred and thirty-eight people in 3506 people(23.9%) believed that the equity was the most important in health reform,558 people(15.9%) believed that the efficiency was the most important,and 2 110 people(60.2%) thought that both were important.Three hundred and sixty-six people in 3500 people(10.5%) thought that the medical and health reform and supervision system were perfect,662 people in 3492(19.0%) believed that the current health system reform was generally successful,1141 people in 3435 people(33.2%) thought that the Chinese medical and health system reform welfare policy was likely to achieve.Seven hundred and fifty-five people in 3493(21.6%) were satisfied with the current health system reform,629 people(18.0%) were not satisfied.The evaluation differences of both genders on "Do you think Chinese medical and health system reform welfare policy is likely to be achieved?" were not statistically significant(P>0.05),but they had statistically significant on the ther seven questions(P<0.05 to P<0.01).The evaluation differences of different educational levels on"What do you think is the most important thing in the health reform,fairness or efficiency?" were not statistically significant(P>0.05),but they had statistically significant on the other seven questions(P<0.01). The evaluation differences of different ages on all questions were statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions:There is a certain gap between the medical reform effects and social expectations.Residents pursue the fairness,efficiency and public welfare in medical reform,and they hope to further improve the medical and health reform's supervision system.