Abstract: Objective: To investigate the hand hygiene compliance and awareness of medical staff in intensive care unit,incidence of nosocomial infection before and after the intervention,and know the status of hand hygiene,relationship between hand hygiene and nosocomial infection.Methods: The hand hygiene intervention in five stages were implemented using experimental epidemiology method from May 2013 to May 2014.The intervention measures included direct observing,hand hygiene training,assessment feedback,observing the implementation of hand hygiene before and after the intervention and calculating the compliance of hand hygiene.All people were examined on-site to calculate the awareness rate of hand hygiene.The number of cases with nosocomial infection was analyzed during the survey period to calculate the incidence of nosocomial infection.Results: The hand hygiene compliance in doctors and nurses before and after intervention were from 45.0% to 91.1% and from 43.3% to 92.2%,respectively,the difference of which was statistically significant(P<0.01).The score of awareness rate of hand hygiene in doctors and nurses before and after training were from 60.0 to 90.0 and from 59.1 to 92.1,respectively,the difference of which was statistically significant(P<0.01).The incidence of nosocomial infection reduced from 12.5% to 3.2%,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions: Taking effective intervention measures can improve the compliance and awareness of hand hygiene,which can reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infection.