Abstract: Objective: To analyzed the long-term clinical effects of the short-segment pedicle screw internal fixation in the treatment of single-level thoracolumbar bursting fracture. Methods: Forty-six cases with single-level thoracolumbar bursting fracture were treated with short-segment pedicle screw(four screws two rods) internal fixation. The internal fixations were removed at 12 months after operation. All cases were followed up for 18 to 36 months. Results: Compared before operation, the anterior height of vertebral body recovered immediately after operation(P<0.01), the Kyphosis after operation was improved significantly(P<0.01). Screw position and stability were good, no aggravation of spinal cord neurological symptom was found. During the following-up period, the internal fixation fracture in 6 cases were identified. Compared immediately after operation, the anterior height of vertebral body decreased at the end of the following-up(P<0.01). The P1W1 in 9 cases(25%), P2W2 in 26 cases, P3W2 in 7 cases and P3W3 in 4 cases were found according to the Denis pain score. Conclusions: The short-segment pedicle screw internal fixation in the treatment of single-level thoracolumbar bursting fracture has some complications, the long-term effect of which is difficult to maintain, and its clinical application should be cautious.