Abstract: Objective: To explore the expression of ribosome binding protein 1(RRBP1) in thyroid cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics. Methods: The expressions of RRBP1 in 86 thyroid cancer specimens and 15 adjacent normal tissue specimens were detected using immunohistochemical method, and the relationship between the expression of RRBP1 and clinicopathological characteristics of thyroid cancer was analyzed. Results: The positive rates of RRBP1 expression in thyroid cancer and normal tissue were 77.9% and 20.0%, respectively, and the difference of which was statistically significant(P<0.01). The positive rates of RRBP1 in thyroid cancer patients with tumor size ≥ 2 cm, stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ and lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than that in the patients with tumor size < 2 cm, satgeⅠ-Ⅱ and non-lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). The differences of the positive rate of RRBP1 expression in different ages, sex, smoking history and tumor location were not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusions: RRBP1 can be used as a novel molecular marker in the occurrence of thyroid cancer, and its expression is closely related to the clinicopathological characteristics.