Abstract: Objective: To investigate the career maturity of vocational school students and its affecting factors. Methods: Nine hundred and ninety-five students from vocational school of Huaibei were investigated using cross-sectional study method, which included the general questionnaire, career maturity inventory and self-supporting personality scale. The data were analyzed using F-test and q test, t(or t') test, correlation and multiple stepwise regression. Results: The average score of career maturity dimensions was larger than 3 points, and participating practical activities could significantly improve the score of career maturity. The differences of career maturity in gender, grade, birth place, speciality, family economics were statistically significant(P<0.05 to P<0.01). The career maturity of vocational school students was significantly positive correlation with the most dimensions of self-supporting personality(P<0.01). The multivariate analysis showed that the interpersonal reliance, individual self-reliance, practical activities, father's occupation were correlated with career maturity(P<0.01). Conclusions: Career maturity of vocational school students is higher. Career maturity of vocational school students is related to the gender, grade, hometown, speciality, practical activities, economic status of family and self-supporting personality. The practical activities, father's occupation and self-supporting personality have a predictive role on the career maturity.