Abstract: Objective:To observe the effects of hysteroscopic uterine septum resection,and evaluate the value of sequential estrogen and progestogen therapy on preventing the postoperative intrauterine adhesion.Methods:Sixty patients with uterine mediastinum were randomly divided into the control group and observation group(30 cases each group).Two groups were treated with hysteroscopic uterine septum resection.The intrauterine device in two groups were placed after operation,and the observation groups were treated with sequential estrogen and progestogen artificial cycle therapy.All patients were reexamined using hysteroscopy after 3 months of operation,and the intrauterine adhesion between two groups were compared.All patients were followed up for 1 year,and the pregnancy and menstrual condition between two groups were compared.Results:All operations were successfully completed,and no obvious complication was found in two groups.The difference of the intrauterine adhesion after 3 months of operation between two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).After 1 year of operation,the differences of the rates of menstrual disorder,profuse menstruation and pregnancy between two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions:The hysteroscopic uterine septum resection is safe and effective,which can effectively improve the pregnancy rate.The effect of sequential estrogen and progestogen therapy on preventing the postoperative intrauterine adhesion is not obvious.