Abstract: Objective:To investigate the correlation between vascular cognitive impairment(VCI) and the white matter ischemic lesion in encephalorrhagia patients.Methods:One hundred and thirty-six patients with encephalorrhagia were divided into the congnitive impairment group(69 cases with vascular cognitive impairment) and normal cognition group(67 cases without cognitive impairment).The lesion number,lesion diameter,white matter lesion severity,NIHSS score and modified Barthel index score of different lesion locations between two groups were compared.The correlations between the vascular cognitive impairment degree and related indictors were analyzed using the logistic regression analysis.Results:The differences of the lesion number in temporal,parieto-occipital and infratentorial area between two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Compared with the patients without cognitive impairment,the NIHSS score,the white matter lesion severity and number and diameter of lesion in basal ganglia and frontal area,and the modified Bathel index score were higher,larger and lower in patients with cognitive impairment,respectively(P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that the white matter lesion severity was positive correlation with the degree of cognitive impairment(P<0.05).Conclusions:The degree of vascular cognitive impairment in encephalorrhagia patients can be effectively assessed by the severity of white matter ischemic lesion.