Abstract: Objective:To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride on the postoperative pain and early cognitive function of elderly patients treated with laparoscopy.Methods:Seventy-eight elderly patients treated with laparoscopy were divided into the observation group and control group according to the random number table(39 cases each group).The observation group and control group were treated with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride and 0.9% sodium chloride solution,respectively.The operation situation,pain score before and after treatment,postoperative MMSE score,adverse reactions and oxygen saturation in two groups were observed.Results:The difference of the operation condition between two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The VAS scores 12 h,48 h and 72 h after operation in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.01).The MMSE scores 6 h,24 h and 72 h after operation in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.01).The incidence rate of adverse reaction in observation group(15.38%) was significantly lower than that in control group(61.54%)(P<0.01).Conclusions:The dexmedetomidine hydrochloride can effectively relieve pain,reduce the postoperative incidence of adverse reaction and cognitive dysfunction of elderly patients treated with laparoscopy,which can greatly improve the postoperative cognitive function of patients.