Abstract: Objective:To compare the effects between 5/6 nephrectomy and adenine irrigation in establishing the rat model of chronic renal failure complicated with renal anemia on the kidney function of rats.Methods:Twenty rats were randomly divided into the control group,model 1,2 and 3 groups(5 rats each group).The control group was irrigated with 2ml sterilized distilled water everyday,The model 1 was established with Platt method,the model 2 was established with 200 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 adenine for 2 weeks,then one time two days for 2 weeks,and the model 3 were established with 300 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 adenine for 10 days,then 250 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 adenine for 11 days.After 8 weeks of experiment,the parameters of the body mass,blood pressure,hemoglobin and renal function,the renal pathological changes,and the expressions of α-smooth muscle actin,osteopontin,and type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen in kidney tissue detected by immunohistochemical method between two groups were compared.Results:The body mass in model 2 and 3 groups was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.01).The blood pressure in four groups increased in varying degrees(P<0.05 to P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the levels of hemoglobin in three model groups significnatly decreased(P<0.01),the levels of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen in model groups increased(P<0.05 to P<0.01),and the level of of uric acid in model 3 group increased (P<0.05).The renal morphology and color changes in model groups were found.Compared with control group,the levels of α-smooth muscle actin,osteopontin,and type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen in three model groups significnatly increased(P<0.05 to P<0.01).Conclusions:Both 5/6 nephrectomy and adenine can be used to establish the rat model of chronic renal failure complicated with renal anemia,and the appropriate method and drug dose should be chosen according to the purpose of the experiment.