Abstract: Objective: To explore the neuroprotective effects of Angong Niuhuang pill in severe traumatic brain injury(STBI) patients,and its effect on the permeability of enteric mucosa.Methods: One hundred and eighty patients with STBI were randomly divided into the control group and observation group(90 cases each group).The control group was treated with conventional drug,and the observation group was additionally treated with Angong Niuhuang pill based on the control group.The glasgow coma scale score,serum levels of neuron-specific enolase,IL-6 and diamine oxidase,and lactulose excretion rate between two groups before treatment and after 5 and 10 days of treatment were compared.The clinical effects and incidence rate of complication were analyzed.Results: The total effective rate in observation group(95.6%) was higher than that in control group(80.0%)(P<0.05).After 5 and 10 days of treatment,the scores of glasgow coma scale in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05),and the serum levels of neuron-specific enolase,IL-6 and diamine oxidase,and lactulose excretion rate in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.01).The incidence rate of complications in observation group after treatment was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05 to P<0.01).Conclusions: Angong Niuhuang pill can effectively decrease the levels of neuron-specific enolase and IL-6,inhibit the inflammatory reaction,improve the permeability of enteric mucosa and promote the function recovery of the injured nerve and enteric mucosa in STBI patients.