Abstract: Objective:To study the correlation between neck circumference(NC) and insulin resistance(IR) in different genders patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:A total of 165 diabetic patients were divided into the male group and female group.The body mass index(BMI),NC,waist circunference(WC),waist-hip ratio(WHR),hip circumference(HC) and blood biochemical indicators in two groups were measured,and which was analyzed.The correlations between NC and each parameter,and between NC,WC and HOMA-IR were analyzed using spearman linear correlation analysis.Logistic regression was used to analyze that whether the NC was or not one of risk factor of T2DM.Results:In male group,the age was not correlation with NC(P>0.05),the hight-density lipoprotein(HDL) was negatively correlated with NC(P<0.01),and other indicators were positively correlated with NC(P<0.05 to P<0.01).In female group,the age and hip circumference were not correlation with NC(P<0.05),the HDL was negatively correlated with NC(P<0.01),other indicators were positively correlated with NC(P<0.05 to P<0.01),and especially the NC was strongly positive correlation with BMI and WC(P<0.05).After adjusting age and gender,the NC,WC and TG were the risk factors of T2DM,while the HDL was the protective factor of T2DM.Conclusions:NC is positively related to IR,a risk factor of T2DM,and which has more advantages than other parameters(such as BMI and WC).NC can be used as a better indicator in evaluating T2DM,which has great clinical significance.