Abstract: Objective:To understand the smoking risk cognition of male smoking students in medical college,and explore the subjective factor of smoking behavior.Methods:Thirteen male smoking medical college students were deeply investigated using the phenomenological methodology.Results:The smoking risk cognition of male smoking students in medical college included the acquiring way of smoking risk cognition,awareness of the potential risk of smoking,and life attitude.Conclusions:The harmful to health of smoking is not an promoting factor of quitting smoking,and the one-sidedness of smoking risk cognition and negative life attitude are the potential subjective factors of smoking behavior.Before intervening the smoking behavior among medical students,the smoking risk awareness and values should be correctly established at first.