Abstract: Objective: To investigate the regulation effects of dexmedetomidine on nerve function,cerebral oxygen metabolism and inflammatory factor in craniocerebral operation patients.Methods: Ninety-eight patients treated with cerebral surgery were divided into the control group and observation group according to the draw method(45 cases each group).The control group was treated with routine anesthesia,and the observation group was treated with dexmedetomidine additionally based on control group.The levels of postoperative neurological functionincluding neuron specificity enolization enzyme(NSE),myelin basic protein(MBP) and S100β,brain oxygen metabolismincluding radial artery blood oxygen content(CjvO₂),radial artery blood oxygen saturation(SjvO₂),internal carotid artery blood oxygen content(CaO₂),inflammatory factorsinterleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),postoperative recovery and adverse reactions between two groups were compared.Results: Level of neurologic functional indicators in both groups before surgery exhibited no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).After surgery,the level of nerve function indicators increased in both groups,which in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group(P<0.01).Cerebral oxygen metabolism in both groups before surgery exhibited no significant difference(P>0.05).After surgery,the level of cerebral oxygen metabolism in both groups was decreased,while that of the observation group decreased more(P<0.01).The level of inflammatory factors in both groups before surgery showed no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).After surgery,the level of inflammatory factors in both groups was decreased,which in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.01).The terms of wake time,tube removal time,mortality rate and adverse reaction rate in both groups showed no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine can protect the nerve function,reduce the cerebral oxygen metabolism and inflammatory factors in patients treated with craniocerebral surgery.