Abstract: Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy and toxicity of pemetrexed or gemcitabine combined with cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:Among 46 patients with advanced NSCLC,22 cases were treated with pemetrexed combined with cisplatin(pemetrexed group) and 24 cases were treated with gemcitabine combined with cisplatin(gemcitabine group).The short-term efficacy,median disease-free progression survival(PFS) time and adverse reactions between two groups were compared.Results:The objective remission rate,disease control rate and median PFS in pemetrexed group and gemcitabine group were(36.4% and 29.2%),(62.5% and 45.8%),and(6.5 and 6.0 months),respectively,and the differences of the objective remission rate,disease control rate and median PFS between two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The adverse reactions in two groups were tolerable.The rates of neutrophil reduction in pemetrexed group and gemcitabine group were 36.4%(8/22) and 66.7%(16/24),respectively,and the difference of which between two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:The clinical effect between pemetrexed combined with cisplatin and gemcitabine combined with cisplatin in the treatment of advanced NSCLC is similar,but the pemetrexed combined with cisplatin is less toxicities,good tolerability,worthy of application.