Abstract: Objective: To explore the clinical effects of caffeine citrate and aminophylline in the treatment of apnea in of prematurity.Methods: Sixty-five premature infants with apnea from March 2014 to August 2015 were treated with conventional method(including keeping the correct position,massaging back and playing a foot) combined with drug.Thirty-five cases were treated with caffeine citrate(caffeine citrate group),and 30 cases were treated with aminophylline(aminophylline group).The time of non-invasive mechanical ventilation,time of invasive mechanical ventilation,oxygen time and incidence rate of complication between two groups were compared.Results: The time of non-invasive mechanical ventilation,time of invasive mechanical ventilation and oxygen time in caffeine citrate group were shorter than those in aminophylline group(P<0.01),and the incidence rate of bronchial dysplasia in caffeine citrate group was lower than that in aminophylline group(P<0.05).The differences of the incidence rates of retinopathy,intraventricular hemorrhage,leukomalacia and necrotizing enterocolitis of newborn between two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions: Caffeine citrate can reduce the time of non-invasive mechanical ventilation,invasive mechanical ventilation time,oxygen time and incidence rate of bronchial dysplasia in premature infant with apnea.