Abstract: Objective:To investigate the relationship between the serum level of Ghrelin and progression of atrial fibrillation(AF).Methods:The serum levels of Ghrelin in 80 patients with persistent AF(AF group) and 80 patients with sinus arrhythmia(SA)(SA group) were tested using ELISA.The blood glucose,lipid,liver and kidney function,and echocardiography in two groups were measured.All indexes in AF patients were detected after 8 weeks of conventional treatment.Results:The serum level of Ghrelin in AF group was significantly lower than that in SA group(P<0.01).The serum level of Ghrelin was positively correlated with LVEF in AF group(r=0.698,P<0.05).After treatment,the serum levels of Ghrelin and LVEF significantly increased,and the LAD level decreased in AF group.Conclusions:The serum level of Ghrelin is positively correlated with LVEF in patients with AF,regular examination of Ghrelin levels contributes to the progress of AF diagnosis.