Abstract: Objective:To investigate the effects of PBL on students' self-learning ability based on child and adolescent health course,and provide the basis for improving PBL teaching design.Methods:The PBL teaching of child and adolescent health course was taught in 50 college students for three times.The students' self-learning ability was evaluated using the Students' self-evaluation questionnaire made by self.The self-learning abilities of students were divided into the general,better and best grades by teachers.The differences of students' self-learning ability among the 3 times PBL teaching were analyzed.Results:The total scores of the "ability of collecting data by several methods","abilities of language expression and organization",and "generalizing and summarizing abilities" of students in the second and third PBL teaching were higher than those in the first PBL teaching(P<0.05 to P<0.01).The scores of "ability of combining innovative idea or related life with teaching cases" in 3 groups,and "ability of collecting data by several methods" in students with better self-learning ability in the second PBL teaching were higher than those in the first and third PBL teaching(P<0.05 to P<0.01).The score of "ability of active taking part in PBL teaching" in students with better self-learning ability in the third PBL teaching was lower than that in the first and second PBL teaching(P<0.01).Conclusions:PBL teaching can improve the students' self-learning ability.The students' self-learning abilities do not increase with the increasing of PBL teaching time.The PBL teaching time and interval time should be reasonably set up.