某高校大学生心理调适能力与焦虑、抑郁的相关性研究

穆菁菁; 苏普玉; 李龙春; 王瑞斌; 孙婷婷; 张欣尚; 杨会

doi:10.13898/j.cnki.issn.1000-2200.2019.06.026

某高校大学生心理调适能力与焦虑、抑郁的相关性研究

Study on the correlation of psychological adjustment ability with anxiety and depression in college students

摘要

摘要:
目的探讨某高校大学生焦虑、抑郁的发生情况及其与自我心理调适能力的关系，为大学生焦虑、抑郁的干预提供基础资料。
方法采用问卷调查的方法对825名大学生进行一般人口学特征、焦虑症状、抑郁症状、心理复原力、自我怜悯、宽恕等方面调查，采用SPSS21.0软件进行统计分析。
结果大学生抑郁症状检出率为44.36%（366/825），焦虑症状检出率为39.88%（329/825）。不同性别、是否独生子女、自评家庭经济状况、母亲不同受教育程度大学生抑郁、焦虑症状的检出率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；不同年级、父亲不同受教育程度的大学生抑郁症状检出率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05），焦虑症状检出率差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.01和P < 0.05）；有留守经历大学生抑郁、焦虑症状检出率均高于无留守经历大学生（P < 0.01和P < 0.05）。有无抑郁、焦虑症状大学生心理复原力量表、自我怜悯量表、宽恕量表总分及各维度评分差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。心理复原力量表的力量性维度、自我怜悯量表的自我友善和正念维度、宽恕量表的宽恕他人和宽恕自己维度均为大学生抑郁症状的保护因素（P < 0.05~P < 0.01），而心理复原力量表的坚韧性维度是大学生抑郁症状的危险因素（P < 0.05）；心理复原力量表的力量性维度、自悯量表的自我友善、宽恕量表的宽恕他人和宽恕自己维度得分均为大学生焦虑症状的保护因素（P < 0.05~P < 0.01）。
结论当前大学生的心理健康状态不容乐观，心理调适能力与大学生焦虑、抑郁症状密切相关。

Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of anxiety and depression in college students, explore its correlation with psychological adaptability, and provide the basic data for the intervention of anxiety and depression.
MethodsThe sociodemographic characteristics, anxiety, depression, psychological resilience, self-compassion, and forgiveness in 825 college students were investigated using a questionnaire, and these data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 software.
ResultsThe prevalence rates of anxiety and depression were 44.36% and 39.88%, respectively.The differences of the prevalence rates of anxiety and depression among different genders students, whether the only child student, different self-assessment of family economic status students and mothers with different education levels of students were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The differences of the prevalence rates of depression among different grades and fathers with different education levels of students were not statistically significant(P>0.05), and the differences of the prevalence rates of anxiety among different grades students, and fathers with different education levels of students were statistically significant(P < 0.01 and P < 0.05).The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety in students with left-behind experience were higher than those in students without left-behind experience(P < 0.01 and P < 0.05).The differences of total scores of the mental resilience scale, self-compassion scale and forgiveness scale, and each dimension score between college students with, and without depression and anxiety were statistically significant(P < 0.01).The strength dimension of resilience scale, self-kindness and mindfulness dimension of self-compassion scale and forgiveness dimension of forgiveness scale were the protective factors of the depression of college students(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The resilience dimension of the mental resilience scale was a risk factor of depression in college students(P < 0.05).The strength dimension of mental resilience scale, self-kindness dimension of self-compassion scale, forgiveness dimension of forgiveness scale were the protective factors of anxiety in college students(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).
ConclusionsThe current state of mental health of college students is not optimistic, and the psychological adjustment ability is closely related to the anxiety and depression of college students.

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