29所医院感染管理专职人员职业倦怠与职业不稳定因素分析

张志刚; 魏秋霞; 魏巧妙; 杨致霈; 韩梅

doi:10.13898/j.cnki.issn.1000-2200.2020.02.032

29所医院感染管理专职人员职业倦怠与职业不稳定因素分析

Analysis of the job burnout and occupational instability factors among full-time personnel of infection managementt in 29 hospitals

摘要

摘要:
目的了解医院感染管理专职人员职业倦怠现状和职业不稳定因素，探讨职业倦怠与职业不稳定因素的关系。
方法采用分层随机抽样法，选择陕西省咸阳市29所二级及以上医院52名医院感染管理专职人员作为研究对象，制作职业倦怠、职业不稳定因素调查表进行调查。
结果共发放调查问卷52份，收回有效问卷46份，有效回收率为88.46%。医院感染管理专职人员职业倦怠发生率为95.65%，其中轻度倦怠占34.78%、中度倦怠占47.83%、重度倦怠占13.04%。从职业倦怠各维度分析，情感耗竭、人格解体和成就感降低维度超过临界值的比例分别为10.87%、52.17%和89.13%，随着职业倦怠程度的增加，情感耗竭和人格解体超临界值发生率有增加的趋势（P < 0.01）。职业不稳定因素前3位为工作压力大（91.30%）、领导重视不够（78.26%）和待遇低（63.04%）。秩相关分析显示，院感工作兴趣与情感耗竭呈负相关关系（P < 0.05），领导重视不够与成就感降低呈正相关关系（P < 0.05）。多元回归分析表明，院感工作兴趣对情感耗竭维度的作用最大（β=-0.450，P < 0.01），领导重视不够对成就感降低维度和职业倦怠的作用最大（β=0.273、-0.291，P < 0.10和P=0.05）。
结论咸阳市医院感染管理专职人员职业倦怠发生率较高，职业倦怠的发生与工作压力大、领导重视不够有关。

Abstract:
ObjectiveTo know the job burnout and factors of occupational instability among full-time personnel of infection management, and explore the relationship between job burnout and the factors of occupational instability.
MethodsThe job burnout and occupational instability factors in 52 full-time staff of nosocomial infection management from 29 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Xianyang were investigated using questionnaires according to the stratified random sampling method.
ResultsA total of 52 questionnaires were issued, 46 of which were valid, and the effective recovery rate was 88.46%.The incidence rate of the job burnout in full-time staff of nosocomial infection management was 95.65%, which included the mild job burnout for 34.78%, moderate job burnout for 47.83% and severe job burnout for 13.04%.The proportions of the dimensionalities over critical value in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and accomplishment reducing were 10.87%, 52.17% and 89.13%, respectively.With the dimension of job burnout increasing, the incidence rates of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization exceeding critical value gradually increased(P < 0.01).The top 3 of career instability factors were large work pressure(91.30%), lacking enough attention of leaders(78.26%) and low salary(63.04%).Rank correlation analysis showed that the nosocomial infection interest was negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion(P < 0.05), and the lacking enough attention of leaders was positively correlated with accomplishment reducing(P < 0.05).The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the effect of nosocomial infection management interest on the emotional exhaustion was the most(β=-0.450, P < 0.01), and the effect of lacking enough attention of leaders on accomplishment reducing and job burnout was the most(β=0.273, -0.291, P < 0.10 and P=0.05).
ConclusionsThe incidence rate of job burnout among full-time staff in nosocomial infection management in Xianyang is high, and the occurrence of job burnout is related to large work pressure and lacking enough attention of leaders.

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