163例早产儿0~36月龄系统管理生长发育情况研究

陈佳佳; 李婷玉; 解雪峰

doi:10.13898/j.cnki.issn.1000-2200.2021.07.021

163例早产儿0~36月龄系统管理生长发育情况研究

Study on the growth and development of 163 premature infants aged 0-36 months under system management

摘要

摘要:
目的监测并分析接受儿童保健系统管理的早产儿0~36月龄体格发育与营养状况，为不断优化早产儿系统保健管理提供依据。
方法选取2014年1月至2017年6月出生，并在3岁内接受儿童保健系统管理服务的163例早产儿作为观察组，并分为小于胎龄儿（SGA）组15例和适于胎龄儿（AGA）组148例2个亚组。另选择同年龄段足月儿170名为对照组。比较早产儿与足月儿在各月龄的生长发育情况及营养性疾病发生率。
结果观察组体质量在1月龄、6月龄及36月龄均小于对照组（P<0.05~P<0.01），身长在1、6、12、18、24、30、36月龄均明显小于对照组（P<0.01）。观察组年龄别体质量Z评分（WAZ）在1、6及36月龄均低于对照组（P<0.05~P<0.01）；观察组年龄别身长Z评分（HAZ）在1、6、12、18、24、30、36月龄均明显低于对照组（P<0.01）。早产儿SGA组WAZ在1月龄至18月龄均低于AGA组（P<0.05~P<0.01），HAZ在1月龄至30月龄均低于AGA组（P<0.05~P<0.01）。观察组与对照组营养不良率、超重率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；早产儿SGA、AGA组营养不良率随着月龄的增加逐渐降低，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。
结论在0~36月龄内，早产儿追赶性生长发育趋势良好，但至36月龄仍落后于足月儿，1~12月龄是一个生长高峰期；早产儿SGA组追赶性生长速度低于AGA组，在24~36月龄是第二个生长高峰期，应重视该段时期的儿童保健指导。

Abstract:
ObjectiveTo monitor and analyze the physical development and nutritional status of premature infants aged 0-36 months under the management of the child health care system, to provide the basis for optimizing the systematic health care management of premature infants.
MethodsA total of 163 premature infants who were born from January 2014 to June 2017 and received the management service of child health care system within 3 years old were set as the observation group, and subdivided into the small for gestational age (SGA) group (n=15) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) group (n=148).Another 170 full-term infants of the same age were selected as the control group.The growth and development, and incidence of nutritional diseases of preterm infants and full-term infants were compared.
ResultsThe body weight in observation group was lower than that in control group at 1 month, 6 months and 36 months of birth (P<0.05 to P<0.01), and the body height was significantly lower than that in control group at 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, 30 months and 36 months of birth (P<0.01).The weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) in observation group was lower than that in control group at 1 month, 6 months and 36 months of birth (P<0.05 to P<0.01), and the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) was significantly lower than that in control group at 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, 30 months and 36 months of birth (P<0.01).The WAZ in SGA group was lower than that in AGA group at 1 month to 18 months of birth (P<0.05 to P<0.01), and the HAZ was lower than that in AGA group at 1 month to 30 months of birth (P<0.05 to P<0.01).There was no significant difference in malnutrition rate and overweight rate between the observation group and the control group (P>0.05).The malnutrition rate of preterm infants in SGA group and AGA group decreased gradually with the increase of month age, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).
ConclusionsThe trend of catch-up growth and development of preterm infants is good from 0 to 36 months of age, but it still lags behind that of full-term infants at 36 months of age, and 1 to 12 months of age is a growth peak.The catch-up growth rate of premature infants in SGA group was lower than that in AGA group, and 24 to 36 months of age is the second growth peak, and more attention should be paid to the guidance of child health care in this period.

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