Objective To analyze the effectiveness of EV-A71 vaccination in preventing hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) and EV-A71 virus infection in children.

Methods Three hundred children with HFMD at 0.5-6.0 years old were divided into the the vaccination group(122 cases) and unvaccination group(178 cases). The nucleic acid of EV-A71, CV-A16 and CV-A6 enterovirus were detected using the throat swabs and/or feces of children. The correlation between EV-A71 vaccine and various types of virus infection of HAND were analyzed.

Results The EV-A71 infection rate in vaccination group was significantly lower than that in unvaccination group(P < 0.01). The differences of the CV-A16, CV-A6 and other infection between two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05). The EV-A71 infection rate in children vaccinated with one dose of EV-A71 vaccine was higher than that in children vaccinated with two doses(P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance in the CV-A16, CV-A6 and other infection rates between children vaccinated with one dose of EV-A71 vaccine and those vaccinated with two doses(P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in the severity of EV-A71 virus infection between patients with vaccination and patients without vaccination(P>0.05).

Conclusions Full-dose prophylactic EV-A71 vaccination is a protective factor for HFMD caused by EV-A71 virus infection, but not for HFMD caused by other virus infections.