Abstract: Objective: To investigate the correlation between the expressions of CD163 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the changes of vascular endothelial function. Methods: A total of 500 PCOS patients were selected as the PCOS group,and 500 healthy women with physical examination in the same period were selected as the control group.The levels of fasting insulin (FINS) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured by automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay.Levels of total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured by automatic biochemical detector.Levels of CD163,TNF-α,E-selectin and Von Willebrand factor (vWF) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Pearson method was used to analyze the correlations between serum CD163,TNF-α and E-selectin,vWF in patients with PCOS. Results: The levels of TG,LDL-C,FBG,FINS,CD163,TNF-α,E-selectin and vWF in PCOS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05 to P<0.01).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum CD163 and TNF-α levels were positively correlated with E-selectin and vWF (P<0.01). Conclusions: The levels of CD163 and TNF-α in the serum of PCOS patients are significantly increased,which may be related to the vascular endothelial damage,and be involved in the changes of vascular endothelial function in PCOS patients.