Abstract: Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) in neuroblastoma (NB). Methods: Ninety patients diagnosed with NB were gathered as the study subjects,and their cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were collected during the operation,namely the NB group and the adjacent cancer group,the expression of DCLK1 was detected by immunohistochemistry;DCLK1 level was detected by real-time quantitative PCR;the relationship between the expression level of DCLK1 and the clinical characteristics of NB patients was analyzed;Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze the relationship between DCLK1 expression and 3-year survival in NB patients;Cox regression was applied to analyze risk factors for poor 3-year postoperative prognosis in NB patients. Results: Compared with the adjacent group,the positive expression rate and expression level of DCLK1 in the NB group were obviously increased (P<0.01).The expression of DCLK1 was not related to the age,gender,tumor diameter,tumor location and risk of NB patients (P>0.05),but was related to lymph node metastasis and differentiation (P<0.01).The patients were followed up for 3 years after operation,and the cumulative survival rate within 3 years in the DCLK1 positive expression group was lower than that in the negative expression group (P<0.01).The results of multivariate COX regression analysis showed that the degree of differentiation and DCLK1 expression were risk factors affecting the prognosis of NB patients (P<0.01). Conclusions: The positive expression rate of DCLK1 in NB tissue is obviously increased,which is related to the clinical characteristics and 3-year survival of NB patients.