Abstract: Objective: To explore the effects of recombinant human interferon α2b vaginal effervescent capsules(RHIα2b-VEC) on the vaginal microenvironment and prognosis of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) complicated with human papilloma virus(HPV) infection after loop eelectrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)/cold knife conization(CKC). Methods: Eighty-six CIN patients complicated with HPV infection treated with LEEP/CKC were divided into the combined group(n=43) and single group(n=43) by the random number table method.After the first postoperative menstrual period,the single group were treated with lactobacillus live bacteria capsules,and the combined group were treated with RHIα2b-VEC combined with lactobacillus live bacteria capsules.The postoperative recovery status(vaginal bleeding time,bleeding volume,drainage time and cervical wound healing time),HPV negative conversion status(negative conversion rate and total effective rate) after 3 months of treatment,and vaginal microenvironment(Nugent score and pH value of vaginal secretion) before treatment and after 3 months of treatment were compared between two groups. Results: The vaginal bleeding time,drainage time and cervical wound healing time in the combined group were shorter than those in single group (P<0.01).After 3 months of treatment,the negative conversion rate and total effective rate in the combined group were significantly higher than those in single group(P<0.05 and P<0.01).After treatment.the Nugent score and pH value of vaginal secretion in two groups decreased compared with those before surgery,and the above indicators in the combined group were lower than those in single group(P<0.01). Conclusions: The postoperative application of RHIα2b-VEC in CIN patients cpomlicated with HPV infection treated with LEEP/CKC can effectively promote the vaginal environment recovery and HPV negative conversion,relieve the vaginal inflammatory response,and it has high clinical application value.