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    领悟社会支持与营养在农村老年人口腔衰弱与身体衰弱间的链式中介作用

    Study on the chain mediating role of perceived social support and nutrition between oral frailty and physical frailty in rural elderly people

      摘要
    • 摘要: 目的: 探讨领悟社会支持与营养在农村老年人口腔衰弱与身体衰弱间的链式中介作用。方法: 采用横断面研究设计，于2024年7月至2025年3月，通过便利抽样法, 选取安徽省蚌埠市628名农村老年人作为研究对象。使用标准化测评工具收集数据，包括一般人口学资料调查表、口腔衰弱指标筛查量表-8(OFI-8)、衰弱量表(FRAIL Scale)、微型营养评估简表(MNA-SF)及领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)。采用SPSS软件进行Pearson相关分析和Process宏程序中介效应检验。结果: 口腔衰弱检出率为60.2%，总分为(4.55±2.27)分；身体衰弱检出率为14.8%，总分为(1.48±1.03)分；营养状况总分(12.00±2.29)分；领悟社会支持总分(59.53±9.27)分。相关性分析结果显示，口腔衰弱与身体衰弱呈显著正相关(r=0.299，P＜0.01)，与营养状况(r=-0.201，P＜0.01)、领悟社会支持(r=-0.084，P＜0.05)均呈负相关，领悟社会支持与营养状况呈正相关(r=0.161，P＜0.01)，与身体衰弱呈负相关(r=-0.216，P＜0.01)，营养状况与身体衰弱呈负相关(r=-0.562，P＜0.01)。链式中介模型显示，领悟社会支持通过改善营养状况(效应值=0.055, 95%CI: 0.034~0.078)，间接缓解口腔衰弱对身体衰弱的负面影响，该路径占总效应的33.13%(Bootstrap检验显著)。结论: 农村老年人身体衰弱受到口腔衰弱、营养状况及领悟社会支持的共同影响，其中领悟社会支持可通过改善营养状况的途径，间接缓解口腔衰弱对身体衰弱的负面影响。

       

      Abstract: Objective: To explore the chain mediating effects of perceived social support and nutrition between oral frailty and physical frailty in rural elderly people. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, 628 rural elderly people in Bengbu City Anhui Province, were selected from July 2024 to March 2025 through convenience sampling method.Data were collected using standardized assessment toolsincluding the general demographic information questionnaire, oral frailty index-8(OFI-8), FRAIL scale, mini-nutritional assessment short form(MNA-SF), and perceived social support scale(PSSS).The Pearson correlation analysis and Process macro-procedure mediation effect test were performed using the SPSS software. Results: The detection rate of oral frailty was 60.2%, with a total score of (4.55±2.27) points.The detection rate of physical frailty was 14.8%, with a total score of (1.48±1.03) points, the total score of nutritional status was (12.00±2.29) points and the total score of perceived social support was (59.53±9.27) points.The results of the correlation analysis showed the oral frailty was significantly positivly correlated with physical frailty(r=0.299, P < 0.01), and negativly correlated with nutritional status(r=-0.201) and perceived social support(r=-0.084, P < 0.05).The perceived social support was positively correlated with nutritional status(r=0.161, P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with physical frailty(r=-0.216, P < 0.01), and the nutritional status was negatively correlated with physical frailty (r=-0.562, P < 0.01).The results of chain mediation model showed that the perceived social support indirectly alleviated the negative impact of oral frailty on physical frailty by improving nutritional status(effect value=0.055, 95%CI: 0.034-0.078), and this pathway accounted for 33.13% of total effect(Bootstrap test significant). Conclusions: The physical frailty of rural elderly people is jointly influenced by oral frailty, nutritional status and perceived social support.Among them, the perceived social support can indirectly alleviate the negative impact of oral frailty on physical frailty by improving nutritional status.

       

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