Abstract: Objective: To explore the effect of rosuvastatin on the blood lipid and neurofunctional of patients with arteriosclerotic cerebral infarction.Methods: Sixty-two patients with cerebral infarction were divided into observation group and control group by a prospective randomized open method.Conventional therapy such as anticoagulants,dehydrating agent and drugs to improve the microcirculation was applied to all the patients;and the patients in the observation group were administered statin rosuvastatin calcium tablets in addition to the routine therapy.The blood lipid,nerve function,carotid intima - media thickness(IMT) and the infarct size were compared between the two groups before treatment,3,6 and 12 months after treatment.Results: Compared with the control group,the TC,TG and LDL of the observation group decreased(P<0.01),the HDL increased(P<0.01),the IMT diminished(P<0.01) and the nerve function improved significantly after 12 months of treatment(P<0.01).Before treatment,the infarct area had no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05);after treatment,the infarct area in the two groups diminished significantly.After 12 months of therapy,3 cases of large area of infarct and 7 cases of small area of infarct in the observation group improved(41.2%),and 1 case of large area of infarct and 4 cases of mall area of infarct in the control group improved(22.2%).The difference in the infarct area was not statistically significant after treatment for 3 months,6 months or 12 months(P>0.05).Conclusions: Rosuvastatin can significantly improve the cerebral blood lipid and nerve function,decrease the adverse reactions and improve the clinical outcome of patients with cerebral infarction.