Abstract: Objective: To explore the correlation of the ACR of morning and random urine and 24 hour urinary albumin(24 h UA),and the application of random urinary ACR replacing 24 h UA in screening the early renal injury of type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: The morning and random urine of 89 type 2 diabetic patients were collected,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and correlation of the ACR of morning and random urine and 24 h UA was compared.The curves of ACR and ROC of morning and random urine were established using the standard of 24 h UA,the area under the ROC curve was compared.Results: The ACR of morning and random urine were 9.02 and 8.65 mg/mmol,the difference of which was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The ACR in morning urine and random urine was positive correlation(r=0.951,P<0.01),the ACR of morning urine and random urine were greatly positive correlation with 24 h UA(P<0.01).The sensitivity and specificity of the ACR of morning and random urine in screening albuminuria were 92.6%& 90.1%and 87.5%& 87.5%,respectively.The areas under ROC curve of the ACR of morning urine and random urine were 0.942±0.020 and 0.949±0.019,respectively(P>0.05).Conclusions: The random urine ACR is good correlation with 24 h UA,which can replace 24 h UA in screening and monitoring the early renal injury of type 2 diabetic patients.