Abstract: Objective: To understand the prevalence of the mammary gland disease in Longzihu district of Bengbu,analyze its risk factors for exploring the reasonable and scientific prevention measure.Methods: The health prevention knowledge about breast was propagated in Longzihu district women of Bengbu.The epidemiologic investigation was executed in 1 288 voluntary women,the results of which combined with mammography and pathology examination were summarized and analyzed.Results: Eight thousand and thirty-four breast disease patients were found,the morbidity of which was 64.75%.The patients included breast hyperplasia in 676 cases,benign breast tumor in 144 cases,breast cancer in 3 cases and other breast diseases in 11 cases.The prevalence rates of breast disease in 31 to 40 years old and 41 to 50 years old women were higher than that in 21 to 30 years old and more 51 years old women(P<0.05).Conclusions: The morbidity of female breast disease in Longzihu district of Bengbu is high.The regular breast test and taking effective measures to strengthen the secondary prevention of breast disease should be implemented.