Abstract: Objective:To explore the effects of arginine on the nutritional status at acute episode and neurological rehabilitation of patients with severe stroke.Methods:Eighty patients with severe stroke were randomly divided into enriched arginine enteral nutrition group(intensive group) and normal enteral nutrition group(normal group) by the prospective controlled method.The levels of albumin(ALB),prealbumin(PA),triglycerides(TG) and total cholesterol(TC),total lymphocyte count(TLC) and NIH stroke scale(NIHSS) scores of nerve function in two groups were investigated before nutritional therapy and at 10 and 20 d after treatment.Results:The differences of nutritional indexes and NIHSS scores in two group before nutritional therapy were not statistical significance(P0.05),the levels of ALB,PA and TLC in intensive group were significantly higher than those in normal group at 20 d after treatment(P0.01).Compared with before treatment,the level of PA and TLC in intensive group decreased,the difference of which had no statistical significance(P0.05).Compared with before treatment,the levels of ALB and PA and TLC in normal group were significantly decreased at 10 and 20 d after treatment(P0.05 to P0.01).Compared with before treatment,the NIHSS scores in two groups were decreased at 10 and 20 d after treatment(P0.01).The difference of NIHSS scores in two groups had no statistical significance at 10 d after treatment(P0.05),the NIHSS scores in intensive group was lower than that in normal group at 20 d after treatment(P0.01).Conclusion