Abstract: Objective:To explore the causes of cervical lymphadenectasis for guiding clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The biopsy of 180 patients with cervical lymphadenectasis for starting symptom were invetigated from Jan.2008 to Apr.2013,these pathological data were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Ninty-six cases of 180 patients were malignant lymphadenectasis(53.33%),mainly for metastatic carcinoma 39 cases(40.62%)and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 40 cases(41.67%),the causes of 8 cases with lymph node metastasis carcinoma were unknown(20.51%).Eighty-four cases of 180 patients were benign lymph node enlargement(46.67%),mainly for non-specific lymphadenitis(38.09%)and lymph node tuberculosis(40.48%).Conclusions:The metastatic carcinoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are more common in cervical lymphadenectasis,non-specific lymphadenitis and lymph node tuberculosis are common in benign lymph node enlargement.The lymph node biopsy in patients with cervical lymphadenectasis of unknown causes should be implemented for making a definitive diagnosis in time.