Abstract: Objective:To discuss the diagnostic criteria of neurosyphilis and decrease the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of the disease.Methods:The clinical data of 13 cases of neurosyphilis were presented,and the clinical manifestation,typing and diagnostic criteria of the disease were analyzed by review of the literature.Results:Among the 13 cases of neurosyphilis,3 cases had asymptomatic neurosyphilis,5 meningovascular syphilis，2 tabes dorsalis and 3 paralytic dementia;4 of the cases were misdiagnosed.The common symptoms included mental and behavioral abnormalities,epileptic seizure and multiple cerebral infarctions.The imageology manifestation showed brain atrophy,hydrocephalus,multiple cerebral infarction and middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion.Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of neurosyphilis are varied and lack of specificity;it is easy to be misdiagnosed or misdiagnosed.Abnormal imageology would be of help to the diagnosis of the disease.