Abstract: Objective: To investigate the risk factors for premature delivery.Methods: Mothers whose children were grade one or two students at junior middle school in Bengbu city were investigated by use of questionnaire,in which the period of pregnancy,presence of high risk before pregnancy and family general conditions were included.The relations between premature delivery and its related factors were analyzed by chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.Results: The premature delivery rate was 5.90%,chi-square test and multiple logistic regression showed that the main risk factors were mother delivery age ≥ ears old,pregnancy infectious diseases,pregnancy induced hypertension,premature rupture membranes and irregular menses period before pregnancy 2 years.Conclusions: Preventing premature delivery should start before pregnancy,during pregnancy and before childbirth.