Abstract: Objective: To explore the diagnosis and treatment of hemophagocytic syndrome(HPS).Methods: The clinical manifestations,laboratory findings,diagnosis and treatment of 8 cases of HPS were analyzed and reviewed with current literature.Results: Prolonged fever with unknown origin and hepatosplenomegaly were present in all the 8 cases(splenomegaly in 5 cases).Cytopenia with bilineage in the peripheral blood was found in 3 cases and pancytopenia in 5 cases.Hemophagocytosis in bone marrow was easily observed.The only patient infected by cytomegalovirus recovered rapidly after effective treatment.Conclusions: HPS is a rare disease with complex clinical presentation.Bone marrow aspiration should be performed in time or repeatedly to increase the diagnosis rate,which is of great value to further treatment.