Abstract: Objective: To compare the long-term effects of the mucosal resection stapling and sclerosing agent injecting combined with mucosa columnar suturing in the treatment of rectocele.Methods: Fifty-eight patients with severe rectocele were divided into the observation group(30 cases treated with mucosal resection stapling) and control group(28 cases treated with sclerosing agent injecting combined with mucosa columnar suturing).Two groups were followed up for 1 to 4 years,the operation time,hospital time and long-term clinical effects between two groups were compared.Results: The hospital time and operation time in observation group were significantly lower than that those in control group(P< 0.01),the long-term effects of the observation group was better than that of the control group(P< 0.05),the rectovaginal fistula and stenosis of anal canal were not found in two groups.Conclusions: The treatment of rectocele with mucosal resection stapling can improve the defecation function and long-term effects,which is simple operation,and worth popularization.