麻疹流行病学及临床特征215例分析
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of measles: analysis of 215 cases
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摘要: 目的:分析215例麻疹患者的流行病学和临床特征,探讨麻疹的流行特征。方法:对2008年2~6月收治的215例麻疹患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:215例患者,男127例,女88例;发病年龄主要分布在2个年龄段,3~12月龄83例,20~39岁85例。发热39~41.2℃ 197例,62.20%患者有麻疹黏膜斑,持续2~6天,3~5天出疹163例。麻疹特异性IgM抗体阳性210例。结论:本次流行的麻疹临床表现典型。做好1岁以下小儿麻疹疫苗初种和育龄妇女、成人应急接种工作是控制小儿和成人发病的重要措施。Abstract: Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 215 cases of measles,and to study the epidemical features of the disease.Methods: The clinical data of 215 cases of measles treated in our hospital from Feb.to Jun.2008 were analyzed retrospectively.Results: Among the 215 patients,127 were male and 88 female.The disease often attacked people at two age stages:children from 3 to 12 months(83 cases) and adults from the age of 20 to 39 years(85 cases).One hundred and ninty-seven cases(91.63%) had fever above 39℃;62.20% cases had Koplik spots for 2 to 6 days;163 cases manifested typical rash for 3 to 5 days.The positive rate of measles virus IgM antibody in serum was 97.67%.Conclusions: The measles in this study presents typical epidemic manifestation.The key to controlling the onset of measles is to provide primary vaccination to children less than 1 year of age and emergent inoculation to women of child-bearing age and other adults.