Abstract: Objective: To analyze the risk factors for bacterial pneumonia in neonates and to find the protective measures.Methods: The risk factors,sputum-culture and drug-sensitivity of 82 infants with bacterial pneumonia were analyzed retrospectively.The samples were collected from January 2004 to January 2005.Results: The incidence of fetal membrane premature rupture,asphyxia,low-temperature,ventilation,premature delivery and pollution of amniotic fluid was higher in the early-onset pneumonia group than that of late-onset group.Fewer infants had upper respiratory infection or contact history in the early-onset group.There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of non-proper bath or muggy syndrome(P>0.05).Gram-negative bacteria(70.73%) were the main organisms in the bacteria pneumonia.Klebsiella(25.61%) was the most common bacterium.The other pathogenic bacteria were Streptococcus(24.39%),Enterobacter(13.41%),Pseudomonas(13.41%),Salmonella(10.98%) and Escherichia coli(3.66%).Ventilation-associated pneumonia(VAP) accounted for 12.20%.Conclusions: Intensive health care in perinatal period,intrauterine transportation for premature infants,prevention and treatment of VAP,and health education to the parents are essential for the prevention of bacterial pneumonia in neonates.