Abstract: Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,and the prevention of the complications.Methods: PKP was performed under C-arm X-ray in 11 cases of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.The visual-analogue scale,anterior vertebral height and Cobb angle were surveyed and analyzed before and after the operation.Results: The operation was successful in all the 11 cases.The visual-analogue scale,vertebral height and Cobb angle were restored after the operation.Bone cement leakage occurred in 1 case during the operation,but no pulmonary embolism or oppression to the spine or nerve was observed;one suffered adjacent vertebral fracture after the operation;no infection or rib fracture occurred.Conclusions: Percutaneous kyphoplasty is safe and effective for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,which may reduce the pain,restore the vertebral height and rectify the spinal kyphosis with little surgical trauma.