Objective To explore the etiological characteristics and related influencing factors of postoperative cervical cancer infection, formulate reasonable prevention and treatment measures, and reduce the risk of postoperative cervical cancer infection.

Methods A total of 104 patients with postoperative cervical cancer infection were selected as the observation group, and 100 patients without postoperative cervical cancer infection were included as the control group during the same period. The postoperative cervical cancer infection site and pathogen distribution were counted, single and multiple factors were used to analyze the influencing factors of cervical cancer postoperative infection, and the predictive model was established to verify its predictive value.

Results In postoperative cervical cancer infection, surgical incision infection, urinary tract infection, pelvic infection, and respiratory system infection accounted for 51.92%, 29.81%, 14.42%, and 3.85% respectively; 122 strains were detected in 104 cases of cervical cancer postoperative infection. The pathogenic bacteria were mainly gram-negative bacteria (59.01%), followed by gram-positive bacteria (36.89%) and fungi (4.10%). Logistic regression equation model found that age (OR: 5.368, 95%CI: 2.345–12.287), length of stay (OR: 11.373, 95%CI: 5.512–23.466), catheter indwelling time (OR: 8.737, 95%CI: 3.788–20.152), combination of antibiotics (OR: 7.456, 95%CI: 3.565–15.593), anemia (OR: 8.166, 95%CI: 2.611–25.541), postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (OR: 3.603, 95%CI: 1256–10.333) were the influencing factor of postoperative infection of cervical cancer (P ＜ 0.05). The logistic regression model statistically predicted an AUC of 0.907 (95%CI: 0.859–0.943) for postoperative infection in cervical cancer, with sensitivity and specificity of 79.81% and 88.00%, respectively.

Conclusion After cervical cancer surgery, the main infection site is surgical incision, and the distribution of pathogenic bacteria is mainly gram-negative bacteria. The high-risk factors are hospitalization time, anemia, and urinary catheter indwelling time. The prevention and treatment measures based on the infection site, pathogen distribution and high-risk factors are expected to be reduced the incidence of postoperative infection of cervical cancer.