Objective To explore the asscosiation between sleep quality, occupational burnout, and the effectiveness of standardized training for resident doctors in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and to analyze the main influencing factors.

Methods Cluster sampling method was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey among the trainees of 6 national standardized training bases of TCM residents in Anhui Province. The Kirkpatrick Four-Level evaluation Questionnaire, the simplified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Chinese version Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) were used for assessment. Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Spearman correlation, and linear regression methods.

Results 31.9% of trainees had poor sleep quality (PSQI ＞ 7), and 71.6% experienced occupational burnout. Correlation analysis showed that sleep quality was negatively correlated with scores at all Kirkpatrick evaluation levels (reaction, learning, behaviour, and results) (P ＜ 0.01); occupational burnout was also negatively correlated with scores at all Kirkpatrick evaluation levels (P ＜ 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis further indicated that depersonalization (P ＜ 0.01) and low sense of personal accomplishment (P ＜ 0.05) were significant factors influencing overall training effectiveness (total Kirkpatrick score).

Conclusions Occupational burnout is common among residents in the standardize TCM training programme and is significantly negatively correlated with training effectiveness. Depersonalization and low sense of personal accomplishment are key factors impairing training effectiveness. Attention should be paid to the management of residents' physical and mental health to enhance training quality.