Abstract: Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of total mesorectal excision (TME) in the middle and low rectal cancer surgery.Methods:Forty-three cases of rectal cancer,tumor from the anal margin were less than 10 cm.Among these 43 cases,21 cases were application in traditional surgical treatment (traditional group) and 22 cases with application in TME treatment (TME group).For these patients in the two groups,the average operative time,intraoperative blood loss,hospitalization days,anastomotic leakage,urination,sexual function and local recurrence rate were compared.Results:In TME group,the average operation time,average blood loss,local recurrence rate,urinary dysfunction,and sexual dysfunction were statistical significances in contrast to in traditional group (P<0.05 to P<0.01).While the hospitalization days,anastomotic leakage and one year survival rate had no statistical significance (P>0.05).Conclusions:TME has so many advantages with short surgery time,less bleeding,fewer complications and low local recurrence rate,it is one of the best treatment for middle and low rectal cancer therapy.