Abstract: Objective: To investigate the causes of nosocomial infection(NI) in the department of Neurology in the Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College.Methods: The clinical data of 2 855 patients who were discharged from 1999 to 2002 in this department were reviewed and analyzed.Results: The over-all incidence of NI was 6.09%.The odds between man and female were not obvious.Patients with myeleterosis,hemorrhagic apoplexy,viral encephalitis,peripheral neuropathy or ischemic apoplexy were often affected.The most common NI usually occurred in the lung,upper respiratory tract,gastrointestinal or urinary tract.Pulmonary and the kind of infection were always seen in patients with ischemic apoplexy,while urinary tract infection was always found in patients with myeleterosis.Conclusions: The hospital stay and mortality rate are prolonged because of NI.The occurrence is related to the patients' basic disease, age,invasive manipulation,climate and etc.Prevention and cure of the interior and exterior pathogenic factors should be emphasized to decrease the incidence of NI.