Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effects of anatomical variation of nasal cavity on prognosis of endoscopic sinus surgery.Methods: Sixty-two patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps with the anatomical variation of middle and inferior turbinate and deviation of nasal septum were treated with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).Among these patients, 32 were selected randomly to undergo the treatment of the anatomical variation of middle and inferior turbinate and nasal septum during the operation (rectification group) while other 30 patients (control group) underwent only the simple endoscopic surgery.Results: The patients were followed up for 6 months postoperatively.The curative effect in the rectification group was better than that in the control group.The recurrence rate in the control group increased significantly compared with the rectification group (P<0.05).Conclusions: The anatomical variation of nasal cavity affects the prognosis of ESS obviously.