Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of the elderly frequently-hospitalized diabetic patients' health belief model on medical compliance behavior.Methods: Eighty-six elderly frequently-hospitalized diabetic patients were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group.The observation group was educated by the health belief model and control group by the routine health mode.A comparison of the control of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin,medical compliance behavior and rehospitalization rate between two groups was conducted when admission and after 6 months,respectively.Results: By comparison,there were statistically significant in fasting glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin and medical compliance behavior(P<0.01) between two groups of patients after 6 months.The rehospitalization rate of was 37.2% and was less than 60.5% of conrtol group(P<0.05).Conclusions: Health education by using health belief model can promote medical compliance behavior of the elderly frequently-hospitalized diabetic patients,enhance the treatment effect,and improve the living quality of patients.