Abstract: Objective: To observe the morphological changes of retinal injury in ischemia-reperfusion rats by microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Methods: The model of experimental ischemia-reperfusion injury was created by increasing the intraocular pressure of the rats.The retinal histopathologic and ultrrastructural morphological changes were observed with the microscope and the transmission electron microscope at different times.Results: The inner retinal layer swelled evidently in the early period and became atrophy;and the account of retinal ganglion cells decreased.The apoptotic cells could be seen at 12,24 and 48 hour after ischemia,which mainly occurred in the retinal ganglion cells and the inner nuclear layer.Conclusions: Retinal ischemia-reperfusion may cause serious damage to histopathology and ultrastructure of the retina.