Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus in children and to improve the clinical diagnosis and management in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1-DM).Methods: The clinical data of 32 children diagnosised as T1-DM between 1999 and 2006 in Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed,and the treatment outcomes of diabetes ketoacidosis(DKA) in 10 children were observed.Results: The preliminary symptoms of T1-DM were DKA in 10 patients,respiratory infection in 4 patients,vomiting in 3 patients and stomachache in one patient.The low-dosage insulin was effective to children with DKA.Conclusions: The onset of the T1-DM in children is usually latent with atypical clinical manifestations.The DKA,the respiratory and digestive diseases are the preliminary symptoms.Therefore it can be easily misdiagnosed and treated in wrong way.The insulin is effective to it.