Abstract: Objective: To investigate the relationships between the serum sex hormone and C-reactive protein(CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) levels in postmenopausal females with osteoarthritis(OA).Methods: Forty-two postmenopausal females with OA and 36 postmenopausal healthy examinees at the same time were divided into the observation group and control group,respectively.The levels of estradiol(E2),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),testosterone(Te),luteinizing hormone(LH) in two groups were detected.The relationships between the sex hormone and CRP and ESR levels,were analyzed.Results: The levels of E2,FSH,Te and LH in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.01),and the levels of CRP and ESR in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.01 to P<0.05).In postmenopausal women with OA,the levels of E2,FSH and LH were not significantly correlated to the levels of CRP and ESR(P>0.05),and the Te level was negatively correlated to the levels of CRP and ESR(P<0.01).Conclusions: The pathogenesis of OA in postmenopausal females is closely related to the decreasing of the levels of serum E2,FSH,Te and LH and increasing of the levels of serum CRP and ESR,and the Te level is negatively correlated to the levels of CRP and ESR.