Abstract: Objective: To investigate the awareness of the risk factors for chronic diseases and the current behavior of the residents in Jinjiazhuang community,Maanshan city so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of chronic diseases.Methods: Four thousand six hundred and seventy six residents aged over 18 were enrolled by stratified sampling.Each resident was scheduled to complete a questionnaire regarding to knowledge about the risk factors for chronic diseases and their current behavior.Results: The residents' overall awareness of the risk factors for hypertension was 38.37%,and the residents with hypertension had a higher awareness than the non-hypertensive population(P<0.05).The residents' awareness of the risk factors for diabetes was 33.00%,and the residents with diabetes were more conscious of the risk factors than the non-diabetic population(P<0.05).The residents' awareness of the risk factors for stroke was 38.54%;the stroke patients and the non-stroke population had no statistically significant difference in knowledge about the risk factors(P>0.05).Residents with hypertension,diabetes and stroke had a high smoking rate,which was 72.34%,73.21% and 73.24%,respectively.The drinking rate and active- exercise rate in patients with hypertension were 12.40% and 20.57%,respectively.The rates of obesity and health education in patients with hypertension and diabetes were 43.19% and 41.52%,respectively.Conclusions: Behavioral risk factors such as smoking,over-drinking,obesity and lack of active exercises are widely existent in residents with chronic disease in Jinjiazhuang District.The residents' knowledge about the risk factors for chronic disease is insufficient,so it is necessary to provide health education about prevention and treatment of the chronic diseases to them to improve their awareness and health behavior.