Objective To explore the potential value of serum lncRNA H19 and MFAP5 in the diagnosis and disease prediction of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods The study included 68 PCOS patients as the research group and 56 healthy individuals undergoing physical examination during the same period as the control group. The expression levels of lncRNA H19 and MFAP5 in the serum of the subjects were detected using RT-qPCR. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate their diagnostic value. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the association between lncRNA H19, MFAP5, and clinical indicators of PCOS severity.

Results The serum levels of lncRNA H19 and MFAP5 in PCOS patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (both P ＜ 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that lncRNA H19 and MFAP5 were independent factors affecting the severity of PCOS. ROC curve analysis indicated that lncRNA H19 and MFAP5 had certain diagnostic value, with areas under the curve of 0.682 and 0.700, respectively. Additionally, lncRNA H19 and MFAP5 showed positive correlations with total testosterone, free testosterone, LH, hirsutism score, and acne score (P ＜ 0.01), while no correlations were observed with FSH (P ＞ 0.05).

Conclusions lncRNA H19 and MFAP5 play important roles in the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of PCOS, with MFAP5 demonstrating particularly strong predictive capability.