Objective To explore the current situation and influencing factors of postoperative wafer leakage in patients treated with urostomy in Anhui Province, and provide a basis for formulating targeted nursing intervention plans in clinical practice.

Methods A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. A total of 228 patients with urostomy admitted to 6 tertiary grade A hospitals in Anhui Province from July 2021 to April 2024 were selected as the research subjects. According to whether the patients had leakage, the patients were divided into the leakage group and non-leakage group. Clinically relevant data were collected for the two groups of patients. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify the independent risk factors of wafer leakage, and the predictive value of the independent influencing factors was evaluated through the ROC curve.

Results Among the 228 patients, the incidence of wafer leakage was 42.54%. The results of univariate analysis showed that the patient's disease duration, body mass index (BMI), and self-care ability were the influencing factors of leakage occurrence (P ＜ 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the BMI was an independent risk factor (OR =1.243, P ＜ 0.01). The results of ROC curve showed that the area under the curve for BMI to predict leakage in patients with urostomy was 0.71, and the cut-off value was 23.45 kg/m².

Conclusions The incidence of wafer leakage in urostomy patients in Anhui Province is relatively high, mainly affected by BMI. It is recommended that the personalized activity guidance and body weight management be implemented in clinical practice, and the self-care ability of patients can be enhanced through standardized health education to reduce the incidence of leakage and risk of skin complications.