Objective To explore the differences in the clinical indicators between diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and non-DKD (NDKD) patients treated with maintenance peritoneal dialysis.

Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 80 peritoneal dialysis patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2021 to 2023. The patients were divided into the DKD group (n = 40) and NDKD group (n = 40) based on the type of primary disease. The clinical indicators of anemia, inflammation, malnutrition, calcium-phosphate metabolism disorder, peritoneal solute transport characteristics and peritoneal dialysis adequacy were compared between two groups.

Results Compared with the NDKD group, the levels of hemoglobin, red blood cell count, albumin, calcium ion concentration and high-density lipoprotein in the DKD group significantly decreased, while the levels of C-reactive protein triglyceride, phosphorus ion concentration and parathyroid hormone level significantly increased, and the differences of whose were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the serum levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen between two groups (P ＞ 0.05). The results of the peritoneal balance test showed that in the NDKD group, there were 13 cases (32.5%) with high average transfer, 21 cases (52.5%) with low average transfer and 3 cases (7.5%) each with low transfer and high transfer. In the DKD group, there were 23 cases (57.5%) with high average transfer, 11 cases (27.5%) with low average transfer, 2 cases (5%) with low transfer and 4 cases (10%) with high transfer. When comparing high average transfer + high transfer and low average transfer + low transfer, the difference between two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with the NDKD group, both Kt/V and β2-MG in the DKD group decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).

Conclusions Compared with the NDKD patients, DKD peritoneal dialysis patients are more prone to anemia, malnutrition, abnormal lipid metabolism, calcium-phosphate metabolism disorder and microinflammatory state, and have poorer peritoneal solute clearance ability.